First, publication bias and small-study effects cannot be excluded, and many trials do not stratify by obesity, phenotype, or baseline 25(OH)D, key modifiers of response
They are most effective when paired with balanced nutrition and exercise
Dysfunctional endothelial cells are less effective at producing anticoagulant substances like nitric oxide and prostacyclin, increasing thrombosis risk
Marom EM, Moran C, Kim ES, Swisher SG
However, despite encouraging early laboratory findings, its clinical development was discontinued in 2007 after failing to demonstrate significant weight-loss efficacy in large-scale human trials
Most researchers prefer the without DAC version for these reasons, despite needing more frequent use